Energy sharing has become a key tool for businesses and households, allowing them to secure electricity supply and control costs in an increasingly volatile market. In addition, it contributes to the energy transition by promoting the use of local renewable energy and optimising demand management.
At SD Verdia we provide advice on the design and development of energy sharing solutions tailored to different client profiles, combining legal certainty with economic and energy efficiency.
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We answer the most common questions about photovoltaic self-consumption and collective self-consumption (energy sharing).
Self-consumption allows you to consume the energy —typically photovoltaic— that you generate yourself. There are three types: without surplus (the installation does not feed energy into the grid); with surplus under simplified compensation, for installations of up to 100 kW, which discounts the exported energy on the bill; and with surplus not covered by compensation, where the owner sells the energy as a producer, with the corresponding market obligations.
Collective self-consumption allows several consumers to share a single generation installation. To do so they must meet one of the proximity criteria of Royal Decree 244/2019: being connected on the same internal network, on low voltage from the same transformer, within 500 metres, or sharing a cadastral reference. Energy is shared using fixed coefficients or, under Order TED/1247/2021, hourly coefficients. It is the basis of energy communities.
The main framework is Royal Decree 244/2019, of 5 April, which develops the administrative, technical and economic conditions of self-consumption, together with the Electricity Sector Act (Law 24/2013) and Royal Decree-law 15/2018 (which abolished the so-called "sun tax"). Access and connection are governed by Royal Decree 1183/2020. There is also a draft reform of Royal Decree 244/2019 in progress that would extend, among other things, the distance allowed for collective self-consumption.
Installations without surplus and low-power installations enjoy simplified procedures and, in many cases, exemption from access and connection permits; above certain thresholds, the procedures of Royal Decree 1183/2020 apply. Self-consumption reduces the electricity bill, provides stability against price volatility and can be combined with storage to make better use of the energy generated.
