Energy storage

Regulation, authorisation, and contractual structuring of batteries and hybrid systems.

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Energy storage, whether stand-alone or hybrid, is a key element for integrating more renewable generation into the electricity system. These technologies provide security, operational flexibility, and the ability to optimise energy management, allowing the capture of competitive prices and, in hybrid configurations, significantly improving the economic and financial prospects of renewable projects.

At SD Verdia we have solid experience in providing legal advice for storage projects, supporting developers and investors at all stages of development and operation. Our multidisciplinary team offers a comprehensive approach that combines regulatory, administrative, contractual, and financial insight, ensuring the legal support necessary to navigate a constantly evolving regulatory framework.

Legal advice on energy storage

Legal advice on obtaining grid access and connection permits.
Legal advice on administrative procedures for the construction of storage facilities, whether stand-alone or hybrid.
Legal advice during the construction and financing of stand-alone or hybrid storage facilities.
Legal advice on the negotiation and execution of equipment supply, EPC, O&M, AM, PPA, HPA, and GdO purchase agreements.
Corporate and commercial structuring of infrastructure shared among multiple developers.
Due diligence for project sales and acquisitions.
Representation in administrative and contentious-administrative proceedings related to access and connection disputes, authorisations, auctions, and granting of specific remuneration regimes.
Legal advice on the different remuneration mechanisms applicable to storage.

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Frequently asked questions about energy storage

We answer the most common questions about energy storage and battery (BESS) projects.

What is energy storage and what is the difference between stand-alone and hybrid installations?

Energy storage allows energy to be stored —typically in batteries (BESS)— and fed back into the grid when needed, providing flexibility and stability to the electricity system. A stand-alone installation operates independently, drawing from and injecting into the grid; a hybrid installation is added to an existing renewable generation plant, within its same site and covered by its environmental impact declaration.

What permits and procedures does a storage (BESS) project need?

In general, grid access and connection permits and the prior and construction administrative authorisations are required. Royal Decree-law 7/2025 has made demand-side access more flexible and introduced a joint, simplified procedure, with deadlines halved, for hybrid storage. Installations of up to 500 kW are exempt from the prior and construction authorisation regime.

What regulations govern energy storage in Spain?

The main framework is made up of the Electricity Sector Act (Law 24/2013) —amended by Royal Decree-law 7/2025—, Royal Decree 1955/2000 (authorisations), Royal Decree 1183/2020 (access and connection) and Royal Decree 413/2014. Royal Decree-law 7/2025 also declared storage to be of public interest and reinforced its role in security of supply.

What services and benefits does storage bring to the system and to projects?

Storage provides flexibility, stability and security of supply, and allows its owners to take part in the markets and in demand-management services, directly or through an aggregator (art. 49 of the Electricity Sector Act). In renewable projects, hybridisation with storage helps reduce energy curtailment and optimise grid use.